Spanish Grammar

Master 27 letters, 5 vowel sounds, and key pronunciation rules that differ from English

Discover 4 simple rules that determine where stress falls in any Spanish word

Follow the Subject-Verb-Object pattern and learn flexible word order rules

Every noun is el (masculine) or la (feminine) - learn the patterns

Discover noun pairs where the article changes meaning: el capital vs la capital, el cura vs la cura

Form plurals with -s, -es, and -z→-ces transformations

The complete guide to el, la, los, las, un, una and their uses

Match adjectives to nouns: hombre alto, mujer alta, niños altos

Show ownership: mi libro (my book), tu casa (your house), sus amigos (their friends)

Learn yo, tú, él, ella, nosotros, vosotros, ellos - when to use and when to drop them

Master 3 simple patterns: -ar (hablo, hablas), -er (como, comes), -ir (vivo, vives)

Conquer the top 12 irregular verbs: ser, estar, tener, hacer, ir, venir, and more

A1 Essentials: Ser for who you are (soy Juan), Estar for where you are (estoy aquí)

Master "no" + double negatives: no quiero nada (I don't want anything)

Form questions: ¿Cómo estás? Use ¿...? marks and master 6 key question words

Interrogative pronouns (qué, quién, cuál) and adverbs (dónde, cuándo, cómo, por qué)

Master en, a, de, con, sin + location (sobre, entre, delante de) + time (desde, hasta, durante) + al/del contractions

Point things out: este libro (this book), esa casa (that house), aquellos días (those days)

Learn the three-way distance system: este (near), ese (near listener), aquel (far)

Express plans: voy a comer (I'm going to eat) - easier than simple future

Express likes with me gusta/gustan, te gusta/gustan, le gusta/gustan

Daily routines with me/te/se: levantarse, ducharse, llamarse

Discover how adding "se" transforms verbs like ir/irse, dormir/dormirse, acordar/acordarse

Master 40 essential reflexive verbs: levantarse, ducharse, llamarse, sentirse, divertirse, and more

Express time with "son las" and dates with cardinal numbers

Learn when Spanish differs from English: no capitals for days, months, or nationalities

Type ñ, ü, and accented vowels quickly using keyboard shortcuts on any device

Talk about weather, seasons, forecasts, and climate in Spanish.

How often/much: siempre (always), nunca (never), mucho (a lot), poco (little), muy (very)

Conversation starters, polite questions, and keeping the chat going in Spanish.

The 100 essential Spanish phrases every learner needs, organised by situation.

Don't know the word? Describe it by shape, material, colour, and function

Express existence: hay (there is/are), había (there was/were), habrá (there will be)

Learn to order food, navigate menus, handle dietary needs, and ask for the bill

Essential airport Spanish - check-in, boarding, delays, lost luggage, customs, a

Compare deber, tener que, and haber que: levels of obligation, personal vs impersonal

Sizes, trying on, returns, sales, and essential shopping phrases in Spanish.

Suggest, accept, and decline plans. Invitations, arranging to meet, and social p

Cardinal vs ordinal: uno/dos/tres (counting) vs primero/segundo/tercero (ordering) with agreement rules

Go beyond bien and mal. Nuanced emotions, reactions, empathy, and feeling expres

Lo siento vs perdona vs disculpe. When and how to apologise and make excuses.

Give and understand directions - turn left, go straight, landmarks, and asking f

50+ Spanish false friends that trip up English speakers. Embarazada ≠ embarrasse

Full mastery: DOCTOR/PLACE rules, emotions, ser aburrido vs estar aburrido, and more

Master adjectives that change meaning with ser vs estar: listo, rico, aburrido, bueno, malo

Learn "boot patterns": querer→quiero, poder→puedo, pedir→pido in 4 persons

Form with estar + gerund: estoy comiendo, estás durmiendo, está leyendo

Avoid repetition: lo veo (I see him/it), la compro (I buy it), los tengo (I have them)

To/for someone: le doy (I give to him/her), les escribo (I write to them)

Replace nouns with mine/yours: el mío (mine), la tuya (yours), los suyos (theirs)

Compare things: más alto que (taller than), el más alto (the tallest), tan alto como (as tall as)

Create adverbs: rápido → rápidamente (quickly), fácil → fácilmente (easily)

Commands overview: tú (habla), usted (hable), ustedes (hablen), vosotros (hablad), nosotros (hablemos)

Informal commands: habla/no hables, come/no comas, ven/no vengas

Completed actions: hablé (I spoke), comí (I ate), viví (I lived) + irregulars

Ongoing/habitual past: hablaba (used to speak), comía (was eating) + 3 irregulars

Verb patterns: querer hacer, empezar a hacer, terminar de hacer, pensar en hacer

Express indefinites: algún libro (some book), algo de dinero (some money), nadie vino (nobody came)

Connect ideas: la persona que vino (the person who came), cuyo libro (whose book)

All about "all": todo el día, todos los días, todo lo que, del todo, sobre todo

Use "a" before people and pets as direct objects: "Veo a María"

Search for, view, and rent apartments in Spanish. Ads vocabulary, viewings, cont

Banking Spanish - accounts, transfers, ATMs, exchange rates, and solving problem

Decode Spanish text messages, WhatsApp abbreviations, and social media slang.

Prepare for Spanish job interviews - CV vocab, common questions, and formal regi

Preterite for completed events, imperfect for background/habits - with decision tree

Learn how conocer, saber, querer, poder, and tener take on different meanings in the preterite

He hablado (I have spoken), había comido (I had eaten) - learn haber conjugations

Por (through/by/for duration) vs para (for/to/by deadline) - 8 key differences

Master por vs para through practical travel, work, shopping & daily life scenarios

Discover how prepositions transform verbs: pensar vs pensar en, acabar vs acabar de

Hablaré, comerás, vivirá - add endings to infinitive + 12 irregular stems

Would/could/should patterns: hablaría (I would speak), me gustaría (I would like)

Learn when to use tener frío vs hacer frío vs dar frío and other essential expressions

Doubt/emotion/wishes: que tengas suerte, espero que vengas, no creo que sea verdad

Two pronouns: se lo doy (I give it to him/her) - order matters

Formal commands: hable/no hable (usted), hablen/no hablen (ustedes) - both use subjunctive

Connect ideas: y (and), o (or), pero (but), sino (but rather), ni...ni (neither...nor)

Link clauses: que (that), porque (because), aunque (although), cuando (when), si (if), para que (so that)

Comprehensive reference list of 120+ Spanish subjunctive triggers organised by category

Spain informal plural: hablad/no habléis, comed/no comáis (drop final -r, add -d)

Let's expressions: hablemos (let's speak), no hablemos (let's not speak), vamos a hablar

Attach pronouns to infinitives/gerunds or place before conjugated verbs

When certainty changes everything: creo que ES vs no creo que SEA

Past hypotheticals: si tuviera dinero (if I had money), como si fuera (as if it were)

Master advanced subjunctive triggers beyond WEIRDO with practical phrases and expressions

If-then logic: Type 1 (si llueve, iré), Type 2 (si tuviera, compraría), Type 3 (si hubiera sabido, habría ido)

Quisiera vs querría: when both work, when only conditional, when only imperfect subjunctive

Report speech: dijo que venía (he said he was coming), preguntó si había llegado

Emphasise action: el libro fue escrito (the book was written) - ser + past participle

General statements: se trabaja mucho (people work hard), se vive bien (one lives well)

Express accidents with "se + indirect object + verb": "Se me cayó el vaso"

Choose your level: tú (informal) vs usted (formal) - when and how to switch

Make things happen: hacer trabajar (make work), dejar salir (let leave), mandar callar (order to be quiet)

Express like natives: acabar de (just did), volver a (do again), tener ganas de (feel like)

The neuter article: lo bueno (the good thing), lo difícil (the difficult part)

Actions completed before a future point: "Para mañana habré terminado" (By tomorrow I will have finished)

Express regret and hypotheticals: "habría ido" (I would have gone), "habrías entendido" (you would have understood)

Completed actions with subjunctive: "espero que hayas llegado" (I hope you've arrived), "dudo que hayan terminado" (I doubt they've finished)

Third conditionals and past wishes: "si hubiera sabido, habría venido" (if I had known, I would have come), "ojalá hubiera estudiado" (I wish I had studied)

Tense harmony: main clause determines subordinate clause tense sequences

Spain regions: Andalusian -s dropping, Catalan influences, Galician grammar patterns

Spain informalities: ¿a que no? (bet you don't), ¿qué tal? (how about?), vale (OK)