- Master reporting statements - Use "que" to report what others said (dijo que...)
- Report questions correctly - Understand how to report yes/no questions with "si" and wh-questions
- Apply tense changes - Learn when and how verb tenses shift in reported speech
- Adjust pronouns and references - Change yo, tú, aquí, hoy, etc. to match the reporting context
- Use reporting verbs - Go beyond "dijo" with preguntar, responder, contar, explicar
- Handle time expressions - Transform "hoy" to "ese día", "mañana" to "al día siguiente"
Reported Speech (Indirect Speech)
What You'll Learn
Overview / Usage
Reported speech (or indirect speech) is how we tell others what someone said without quoting them directly. Instead of repeating exact words in quotation marks, we report the content while adjusting verbs, pronouns, and time references to fit the new context.
🎯 The Core Concept
Direct speech: María dijo: "Tengo hambre" (María said: "I'm hungry")
Reported speech: María dijo que tenía hambre (María said she was hungry)
Notice how "tengo" changes to "tenía" (present → imperfect), and "I" becomes "she" in English / the verb ending changes in Spanish.
At B2 level, you'll learn the systematic rules for transforming direct speech into reported speech, including verb tense changes, pronoun shifts, and how to report different types of statements and questions.
Structure & Formation
🎯 How Reported Speech Works
1. Reporting Statements with "que"
The most common structure uses que (that) after reporting verbs like decir (to say):
Common reporting verbs:
- decir que - to say that
- contar que - to tell that
- explicar que - to explain that
- comentar que - to comment that
- afirmar que - to affirm/state that
- responder que - to respond that
2. Reporting Yes/No Questions with "si"
When reporting questions that can be answered with yes/no, use si (if/whether):
💡 Key difference: Direct questions use inverted word order and ¿? marks. Reported questions use normal statement word order with "si" and no question marks.
3. Reporting Wh-Questions
Questions with qué, dónde, cuándo, quién, cómo, por qué keep the question word but lose the question marks and inverted order:
4. Verb Tense Changes
When the reporting verb is in the past (dijo, preguntó), tenses typically shift back:
| Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
|---|---|
| Present "Tengo frío" | Imperfect Dijo que tenía frío |
| Preterite "Compré pan" | Pluperfect Dijo que había comprado pan |
| Future "Iré mañana" | Conditional Dijo que iría al día siguiente |
| Present Perfect "He terminado" | Pluperfect Dijo que había terminado |
⚡ Exception: When reporting something still true or relevant, Spanish often keeps the original tense:
Dijo que vive en Madrid (He said he lives in Madrid - still true now)
5. Time and Place Expression Changes
Time and location references shift to match the reporting perspective:
Examples
💬 Real-World Examples
📱 Reporting Conversations
🎓 At Work/School
🏠 Family & Friends
✈️ Travel & Services
🎬 Complete Dialogue Example
Miguel: "Estuve en casa. No me sentía bien."
Laura: "¿Qué te pasó?"
Miguel: "Creo que comí algo malo."
Gotchas / Common Mistakes
⚠️ Common Mistakes to Avoid
❌ Forgetting "que" or "si"
✓ Dijo QUE tenía hambre
✓ Preguntó SI venía
⚡ Not changing verb tenses
✓ Dijo que estaba cansado (present → imperfect)
✓ Dijo que iría al día siguiente (future → conditional)
⚡ Forgetting to change time expressions
✓ Dijo que vendría al día siguiente
✓ Dijo que estaba allí
❌ Using question marks in reported questions
✓ Preguntó dónde vivía
✅ Reported questions are statements - no question marks needed!
💡 When NOT to change tenses
You can keep the original tense when the information is still true or relevant:
• Explicó que la Tierra es redonda (Universal truth)
• Comentó que le gusta el chocolate (Still true)
Quick Test / Mini Quiz
📝 Test Your Reported Speech Skills
Practice transforming direct speech into reported speech!
How do you report: Ana: 'Estoy cansada'?
Report this yes/no question: '¿Tienes hambre?'
What tense replaces the present in reported speech?
Report: '¿Dónde vives?'
How does 'mañana' change in reported speech?
Report: 'Iré a Madrid' (using 'dijo')
Report: 'He terminado el trabajo'
Can you keep the original tense in reported speech?
Useful Resources
Coming soon...
