- Master reporting statements - Use "que" to report what others said (dijo que...)
- Report questions correctly - Understand how to report yes/no questions with "si" and wh-questions
- Apply tense changes - Learn when and how verb tenses shift in reported speech
- Adjust pronouns and references - Change yo, tú, aquí, hoy, etc. to match the reporting context
- Use reporting verbs - Go beyond "dijo" with preguntar, responder, contar, explicar
- Handle time expressions - Transform "hoy" to "ese día", "mañana" to "al día siguiente"
Reported Speech: Indirect Speech (He Said, She Asked)
Report what others said with tense and pronoun changes
What You'll Learn
Overview
Reported speech (or indirect speech) is how we tell others what someone said without quoting them directly. Instead of repeating exact words in quotation marks, we report the content while adjusting verbs, pronouns, and time references to fit the new context.
The Core Concept
Direct speech: Maria dijo: "Tengo hambre" (Maria said: "I'm hungry")
Reported speech: María dijo que tenía hambre (Maria said she was hungry)
Notice how "tengo" changes to "tenía" (present to imperfect), and "I" becomes "she" in English / the verb ending changes in Spanish.
You'll learn the systematic rules for transforming direct speech into reported speech, including verb tense changes, pronoun shifts, and how to report different types of statements and questions.
Structure & Formation
1. Reporting Statements with "que"
The most common structure uses que (that) after reporting verbs like decir (to say):
Common Reporting Verbs
2. Reporting Yes/No Questions with "si"
When reporting questions that can be answered with yes/no, use si (if/whether):
Key Difference
Direct questions use inverted word order and ¿? marks. Reported questions use normal statement word order with "si" and no question marks.
3. Reporting Wh-Questions
Questions with qué, dónde, cuándo, quién, cómo, por qué keep the question word but lose the question marks and inverted order:
4. Verb Tense Changes
When the reporting verb is in the past (dijo, preguntó), tenses typically shift back:
| Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
|---|---|
| Present: "Tengo frío" | Imperfect: Dijo que tenía frío |
| Preterite: "Compré pan" | Pluperfect: Dijo que había comprado pan |
| Future: "Iré mañana" | Conditional: Dijo que iría al día siguiente |
| Present Perfect: "He terminado" | Pluperfect: Dijo que había terminado |
Exception
When reporting something still true or relevant, Spanish often keeps the original tense:
Dijo que vive en Madrid (He said he lives in Madrid - still true now)
5. Time and Place Expression Changes
Time and location references shift to match the reporting perspective:
| Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
|---|---|
| hoy (today) | ese día / aquel día (that day) |
| ayer (yesterday) | el día anterior (the day before) |
| mañana (tomorrow) | al día siguiente (the next day) |
| aquí (here) | allí / allá (there) |
| este/esta (this) | ese/esa, aquel/aquella (that) |
| ahora (now) | entonces (then) |
Examples
Reporting Conversations
At Work/School
Family and Friends
Travel and Services
Complete Dialogue Example
Miguel: "Estuve en casa. No me sentía bien."
Laura: "¿Qué te pasó?"
Miguel: "Creo que comí algo malo."
Common Mistakes
Forgetting "que" or "si"
Always include "que" when reporting statements
Use "si" when reporting yes/no questions
Not Changing Verb Tenses
Forgetting to Change Time Expressions
Using Question Marks in Reported Questions
Reported questions are statements - no question marks needed!
When NOT to Change Tenses
You can keep the original tense when the information is still true or relevant:

Quick Test
Test your understanding of reported speech:
1. How do you report: Ana: 'Estoy cansada'?
2. Report this yes/no question: '¿Tienes hambre?'
3. What tense replaces the present in reported speech?
4. Report: '¿Dónde vives?'
5. How does 'mañana' change in reported speech?
6. Report: 'Iré a Madrid' (using 'dijo')
7. Report: 'He terminado el trabajo'
8. Can you keep the original tense in reported speech?