Formal vs Informal Register: Tú vs Usted

Key Principle

When in doubt, start formal (usted). It's better to be too polite than too casual. Spanish speakers often invite informality with phrases like "Puedes tutearme" (You can call me tú) or "No hace falta el usted" (No need for usted).

When to Use Tú (Informal)

Use tú in casual, familiar situations where a personal connection exists.

• Friends and peers – People your age or social circle
• Family members – Parents, siblings, cousins (in most families)
• Children – Always use tú with children and teenagers
• Casual settings – Parties, bars, social media
• After invitation – When someone says "Puedes tutearme"

When to Use Usted (Formal)

Use usted to show respect or in professional/unfamiliar contexts.

• Strangers – People you don't know, especially in service contexts
• Elders – Older people, grandparents (in traditional families)
• Professional settings – Bosses, clients, doctors
• Authority figures – Police, teachers, government officials
• Parents of friends – Until invited to use tú

Verb Conjugations: Tú vs Usted

Usted uses the same conjugation as él/ella (third person singular).

Commands: Tú vs Usted

Formal commands use the subjunctive form, while informal (tú) commands often use the él/ella present form.

Regional Differences: Spain vs Latin America

Common Expressions by Register

Phrases for Switching to Informal

When someone invites you to drop formality: