Browse all 103 grammar topics organised by category
Master 27 letters, 5 vowel sounds, and key pronunciation rules that differ from English
Discover 4 simple rules that determine where stress falls in any Spanish word
Express time with "son las" and dates with cardinal numbers
Type ñ, ü, and accented vowels quickly using keyboard shortcuts on any device
Cardinal vs ordinal: uno/dos/tres (counting) vs primero/segundo/tercero (ordering) with agreement rules
Every noun is el (masculine) or la (feminine) - learn the patterns
Discover noun pairs where the article changes meaning: el capital vs la capital, el cura vs la cura
Form plurals with -s, -es, and -z→-ces transformations
The complete guide to el, la, los, las, un, una and their uses
Match adjectives to nouns: hombre alto, mujer alta, niños altos
Show ownership: mi libro (my book), tu casa (your house), sus amigos (their friends)
Point things out: este libro (this book), esa casa (that house), aquellos días (those days)
Learn the three-way distance system: este (near), ese (near listener), aquel (far)
How often/much: siempre (always), nunca (never), mucho (a lot), poco (little), muy (very)
Compare things: más alto que (taller than), el más alto (the tallest), tan alto como (as tall as)
Create adverbs: rápido → rápidamente (quickly), fácil → fácilmente (easily)
Express indefinites: algún libro (some book), algo de dinero (some money), nadie vino (nobody came)
All about "all": todo el día, todos los días, todo lo que, del todo, sobre todo
Learn yo, tú, él, ella, nosotros, vosotros, ellos - when to use and when to drop them
Interrogative pronouns (qué, quién, cuál) and adverbs (dónde, cuándo, cómo, por qué)
Avoid repetition: lo veo (I see him/it), la compro (I buy it), los tengo (I have them)
To/for someone: le doy (I give to him/her), les escribo (I write to them)
Replace nouns with mine/yours: el mío (mine), la tuya (yours), los suyos (theirs)
Connect ideas: la persona que vino (the person who came), cuyo libro (whose book)
Two pronouns: se lo doy (I give it to him/her) - order matters
Attach pronouns to infinitives/gerunds or place before conjugated verbs
Master 3 simple patterns: -ar (hablo, hablas), -er (como, comes), -ir (vivo, vives)
Conquer the top 12 irregular verbs: ser, estar, tener, hacer, ir, venir, and more
A1 Essentials: Ser for who you are (soy Juan), Estar for where you are (estoy aquí)
Express plans: voy a comer (I'm going to eat) - easier than simple future
Compare deber, tener que, and haber que: levels of obligation, personal vs impersonal
Full mastery: DOCTOR/PLACE rules, emotions, ser aburrido vs estar aburrido, and more
Master adjectives that change meaning with ser vs estar: listo, rico, aburrido, bueno, malo
Learn "boot patterns": querer→quiero, poder→puedo, pedir→pido in 4 persons
Form with estar + gerund: estoy comiendo, estás durmiendo, está leyendo
Completed actions: hablé (I spoke), comí (I ate), viví (I lived) + irregulars
Ongoing/habitual past: hablaba (used to speak), comía (was eating) + 3 irregulars
Verb patterns: querer hacer, empezar a hacer, terminar de hacer, pensar en hacer
Preterite for completed events, imperfect for background/habits - with decision tree
Learn how conocer, saber, querer, poder, and tener take on different meanings in the preterite
He hablado (I have spoken), había comido (I had eaten) - learn haber conjugations
Hablaré, comerás, vivirá - add endings to infinitive + 12 irregular stems
Would/could/should patterns: hablaría (I would speak), me gustaría (I would like)
Learn when to use tener frío vs hacer frío vs dar frío and other essential expressions
Actions completed before a future point: "Para mañana habré terminado" (By tomorrow I will have finished)
Express regret and hypotheticals: "habría ido" (I would have gone), "habrías entendido" (you would have understood)
Doubt/emotion/wishes: que tengas suerte, espero que vengas, no creo que sea verdad
Comprehensive reference list of 120+ Spanish subjunctive triggers organised by category
When certainty changes everything: creo que ES vs no creo que SEA
Past hypotheticals: si tuviera dinero (if I had money), como si fuera (as if it were)
Master advanced subjunctive triggers beyond WEIRDO with practical phrases and expressions
If-then logic: Type 1 (si llueve, iré), Type 2 (si tuviera, compraría), Type 3 (si hubiera sabido, habría ido)
Quisiera vs querría: when both work, when only conditional, when only imperfect subjunctive
Completed actions with subjunctive: "espero que hayas llegado" (I hope you've arrived), "dudo que hayan terminado" (I doubt they've finished)
Third conditionals and past wishes: "si hubiera sabido, habría venido" (if I had known, I would have come), "ojalá hubiera estudiado" (I wish I had studied)
Commands overview: tú (habla), usted (hable), ustedes (hablen), vosotros (hablad), nosotros (hablemos)
Informal commands: habla/no hables, come/no comas, ven/no vengas
Formal commands: hable/no hable (usted), hablen/no hablen (ustedes) - both use subjunctive
Spain informal plural: hablad/no habléis, comed/no comáis (drop final -r, add -d)
Let's expressions: hablemos (let's speak), no hablemos (let's not speak), vamos a hablar
Master en, a, de, con, sin + location (sobre, entre, delante de) + time (desde, hasta, durante) + al/del contractions
Use "a" before people and pets as direct objects: "Veo a María"
Por (through/by/for duration) vs para (for/to/by deadline) - 8 key differences
Master por vs para through practical travel, work, shopping & daily life scenarios
Discover how prepositions transform verbs: pensar vs pensar en, acabar vs acabar de
Connect ideas: y (and), o (or), pero (but), sino (but rather), ni...ni (neither...nor)
Link clauses: que (that), porque (because), aunque (although), cuando (when), si (if), para que (so that)
Follow the Subject-Verb-Object pattern and learn flexible word order rules
Master "no" + double negatives: no quiero nada (I don't want anything)
Form questions: ¿Cómo estás? Use ¿...? marks and master 6 key question words
Report speech: dijo que venía (he said he was coming), preguntó si había llegado
Emphasize action: el libro fue escrito (the book was written) - ser + past participle
Choose your level: tú (informal) vs usted (formal) - when and how to switch
The neuter article: lo bueno (the good thing), lo difícil (the difficult part)
Express likes with me gusta/gustan, te gusta/gustan, le gusta/gustan
Daily routines with me/te/se: levantarse, ducharse, llamarse
Discover how adding "se" transforms verbs like ir/irse, dormir/dormirse, acordar/acordarse
Master 40 essential reflexive verbs: levantarse, ducharse, llamarse, sentirse, divertirse, and more
General statements: se trabaja mucho (people work hard), se vive bien (one lives well)
Express accidents with "se + indirect object + verb": "Se me cayó el vaso"
Make things happen: hacer trabajar (make work), dejar salir (let leave), mandar callar (order to be quiet)
Express like natives: acabar de (just did), volver a (do again), tener ganas de (feel like)