All Grammar Topics

Follow the Subject-Verb-Object pattern and learn flexible word order rules

Master 27 letters, 5 vowel sounds, and key pronunciation rules that differ from English

Type ñ, ü, and accented vowels quickly using keyboard shortcuts on any device

Discover 4 simple rules that determine where stress falls in any Spanish word

Learn when Spanish differs from English: no capitals for days, months, or nationalities

Express time with "son las" and dates with cardinal numbers

The complete guide to el, la, los, las, un, una and their uses

Point things out: este libro (this book), esa casa (that house), aquellos días (those days)

Every noun is el (masculine) or la (feminine) - learn the patterns

Match adjectives to nouns: hombre alto, mujer alta, niños altos

Form plurals with -s, -es, and -z→-ces transformations

Show ownership: mi libro (my book), tu casa (your house), sus amigos (their friends)

Compare things: más alto que (taller than), el más alto (the tallest), tan alto como (as tall as)

Express indefinites: algún libro (some book), algo de dinero (some money), nadie vino (nobody came)

All about "all": todo el día, todos los días, todo lo que, del todo, sobre todo

All question words: pronouns (qué, quién, cuál) and adverbs (dónde, cuándo, cómo, por qué)

Learn yo, tú, él, ella, nosotros, vosotros, ellos - when to use and when to drop them

Avoid repetition: lo veo (I see him/it), la compro (I buy it), los tengo (I have them)

To/for someone: le doy (I give to him/her), les escribo (I write to them)

Replace nouns with mine/yours: el mío (mine), la tuya (yours), los suyos (theirs)

Connect ideas: la persona que vino (the person who came), cuyo libro (whose book)

Attach pronouns to infinitives/gerunds or place before conjugated verbs

Two pronouns: se lo doy (I give it to him/her) - order matters

Express likes with me gusta/gustan, te gusta/gustan, le gusta/gustan

Express plans: voy a comer (I'm going to eat) - easier than simple future

Conquer the top 12 irregular verbs: ser, estar, tener, hacer, ir, venir, and more

Daily routines with me/te/se: levantarse, ducharse, llamarse

Master 3 simple patterns: -ar (hablo, hablas), -er (como, comes), -ir (vivo, vives)

A1 Essentials: Ser for who you are (soy Juan), Estar for where you are (estoy aquí)

Informal commands: habla/no hables, come/no comas, ven/no vengas

Form with estar + gerund: estoy comiendo, estás durmiendo, está leyendo

Full mastery: DOCTOR/PLACE rules, emotions, ser aburrido vs estar aburrido, and more

Learn "boot patterns": querer→quiero, poder→puedo, pedir→pido in 4 persons

Verb patterns: querer hacer, empezar a hacer, terminar de hacer, pensar en hacer

Would/could/should patterns: hablaría (I would speak), me gustaría (I would like)

Doubt/emotion/wishes: que tengas suerte, espero que vengas, no creo que sea verdad

Hablaré, comerás, vivirá - add endings to infinitive + 12 irregular stems

Formal commands: hable/no hable (usted), hablen/no hablen (ustedes)

Spain informal plural: hablad/no habléis, comed/no comáis (drop final -r, add -d)

Past hypotheticals: si tuviera dinero (if I had money), como si fuera (as if it were)

When certainty changes everything: creo que ES vs no creo que SEA

Express regret/speculation: habría ido (I would have gone), habría sido (it would have been)

Express completion by future time: habré terminado (I will have finished)

Completed hypotheticals: espero que haya llegado (I hope he has arrived)

Past perfect hypotheticals: si hubiera sabido (if I had known), ojalá hubiera venido

Master "no" + double negatives: no quiero nada (I don't want anything)

Form questions: ¿Cómo estás? Use ¿...? marks and master 6 key question words

Connect ideas: y (and), o (or), pero (but), sino (but rather), ni...ni (neither...nor)

If-then logic: si llueve, me quedo (if it rains, I stay) - 3 types of conditions

General statements: se habla español (Spanish is spoken), se vende (for sale)

Emphasise action: el libro fue escrito (the book was written) - ser + past participle

Report speech: dijo que venía (he said he was coming), preguntó si había llegado

Essential connectors plus contractions: al (a + el) and del (de + el)

Create adverbs: rápido → rápidamente (quickly), fácil → fácilmente (easily)

How often/much: siempre (always), nunca (never), mucho (a lot), poco (little)

Por (through/by/for duration) vs para (for/to/by deadline) - 8 key differences

Ongoing/habitual past: hablaba (used to speak), comía (was eating) + 3 irregulars

Completed actions: hablé (I spoke), comí (I ate), viví (I lived) + irregulars

Preterite for completed events, imperfect for background/habits - with decision tree

Use "a" before people and pets as direct objects: "Veo a María"

He hablado (I have spoken), había comido (I had eaten) - learn haber conjugations

Make things happen: hacer trabajar (make work), dejar salir (let leave), mandar callar (order to be quiet)

Choose your level: tú (informal) vs usted (formal) - when and how to switch

Abstract concepts: lo bueno (the good thing), lo difícil (the difficult part)

Express like natives: acabar de (just did), volver a (do again), tener ganas de (feel like)

Tense harmony: main clause determines subordinate clause tense sequences

Spain informalities: ¿a que no? (bet you don't), ¿qué tal? (how about?), vale (OK)

Spain regions: Andalusian -s dropping, Catalan influences, Galician grammar patterns

Express accidents with "se + indirect object + verb": "Se me cayó el vaso"