🌱Travel Basics

Viajes Básicos

A1 · Stage 2 · Week 10~60 minutes

After this lesson, you'll be able to:

  • Use tener que + infinitive for obligation
  • Handle basic travel transactions (tickets, timetables)
  • Name common transportation
  • Compare tener que/querer/poder/ir a + infinitive

Grammar Focus

Essential grammar for this lesson with examples.

Recap: querer/poder/ir a + Infinitive

In earlier weeks you learned three powerful structures that combine a conjugated verb with an infinitive. Let's review them before adding a fourth. The pattern is always the same - conjugate the first verb, then add any infinitive:

Examples:

Quiero viajar a España.I want to travel to Spain.
¿Puedes comprar los billetes?Can you buy the tickets?
Vamos a salir a las ocho.We're going to leave at eight.
Ana quiere visitar Valencia.Ana wants to visit Valencia.
Tip: Remember - only the first verb conjugates. The second verb stays in the infinitive (-ar, -er, -ir). This rule applies to all verb + infinitive structures in Spanish.

Tener que + Infinitive (Obligation)

Tener que + infinitive means "to have to" or "must." It expresses obligation or necessity. Conjugate tener normally, add que, then the infinitive. This is one of the most useful structures for everyday Spanish:

tener que + infinitive (to have to)

PersonSingularPlural
1st person(yo) tengo que + inf.(nosotros) tenemos que + inf.
2nd person(tú) tienes que + inf.(vosotros) tenéis que + inf.
3rd person(él/ella) tiene que + inf.(ellos/ellas) tienen que + inf.

Examples:

Tengo que comprar los billetes.I have to buy the tickets.
Tienes que llegar temprano.You have to arrive early.
Tenemos que reservar el hotel.We have to book the hotel.
Pablo tiene que trabajar mañana.Pablo has to work tomorrow.
Tip: Don't forget the "que" between tener and the infinitive! "Tengo comprar" is incorrect - it must be "Tengo que comprar."

Comparing All Four Structures

Now you know four verb + infinitive patterns. Each one changes the meaning of the action completely. Compare how "viajar" (to travel) changes depending on the structure:

Four Verb + Infinitive Structures

StructureMeaningExample
querer + inf.want toQuiero viajar.
poder + inf.can / be able toPuedo viajar.
ir a + inf.going toVoy a viajar.
tener que + inf.have to / mustTengo que viajar.

Examples:

Quiero viajar a Valencia.I want to travel to Valencia.
Puedo viajar el viernes.I can travel on Friday.
Voy a viajar en tren.I'm going to travel by train.
Tengo que viajar por trabajo.I have to travel for work.
Tip: Think of it as a scale of choice: quiero (desire) > voy a (intention) > puedo (ability) > tengo que (obligation). You can even combine them: "Tengo que poder hablar español" (I have to be able to speak Spanish).

Travel Vocabulary in Context

Let's put these four structures to work with travel vocabulary. Notice how the same situation can be described differently depending on which structure you choose:

Examples:

Tengo que comprar un billete.I have to buy a ticket.
¿Puedo reservar un asiento?Can I reserve a seat?
Voy a viajar en tren.I'm going to travel by train.
Quiero ir a Valencia.I want to go to Valencia.
Tenemos que facturar el equipaje.We have to check in the luggage.
¿Podemos embarcar ya?Can we board now?
Tip: At a ticket office or airport, poder is especially useful for polite requests: "¿Puedo...?" (Can I...?) is more polite than "Quiero..." (I want...).

Asking Travel Questions

These are the essential questions you need at any train station, bus terminal, or airport. They combine question words from Stage 1 Week 10 with travel vocabulary:

Examples:

¿A qué hora sale el tren?What time does the train leave?
¿Cuánto cuesta un billete?How much is a ticket?
¿De qué andén sale?What platform does it leave from?
¿Cuánto tiempo tarda?How long does it take?
¿Hay un tren directo?Is there a direct train?
Tip: Memorise "¿A qué hora sale?" and "¿Cuánto cuesta?" - these two questions alone will get you through most travel situations in Spain and Latin America.

Hay in Travel Context

You learned "hay" (there is/there are) back in Week 1 for describing your home. Now let's use it in travel situations. Hay is incredibly versatile - it works for asking about availability of transport, services, and facilities:

Examples:

¿Hay vuelos a Valencia?Are there flights to Valencia?
Hay un tren a las diez.There is a train at ten.
No hay asientos disponibles.There are no seats available.
¿Hay wifi en el tren?Is there wifi on the train?
¿Hay descuento para estudiantes?Is there a student discount?
Tip: Remember: hay never changes form. Whether it's one flight or twenty flights, you always say "hay." For negatives, just add "no" before it: "No hay billetes."

Numbers Review for Travel

Numbers come up constantly when traveling - prices, times, platform numbers, and seat numbers. Let's practice using numbers in real travel contexts:

Examples:

Cuesta veinticinco euros.It costs twenty-five euros.
Sale a las catorce treinta.It leaves at fourteen thirty.
Andén número tres.Platform number three.
El asiento cuarenta y dos.Seat forty-two.
Tip: In Spain, train and bus timetables use the 24-hour clock. So "las catorce treinta" (14:30) means 2:30 PM. In Latin America, the 12-hour clock with "de la mañana/tarde" is more common.

Conversation Example

Ana and Pablo are at the train station, buying tickets to Valencia for their trip.

Ana
Pablo, tenemos que comprar los billetes. ¿Dónde está la taquilla?Pablo, we have to buy the tickets. Where is the ticket office?
Pablo
Está allí, al fondo. Vamos.It's over there, at the back. Let's go.
Ana
Buenos días. Queremos dos billetes a Valencia, por favor.Good morning. We want two tickets to Valencia, please.
Taquillero
¿Ida o ida y vuelta?One way or round trip?
Pablo
Ida y vuelta, por favor. ¿Cuánto cuesta?Round trip, please. How much does it cost?
Taquillero
Treinta y cinco euros cada uno. Sale a las diez quince del andén número cuatro.Thirty-five euros each. It leaves at ten fifteen from platform number four.
Ana
¿Cuánto tiempo tarda?How long does it take?
Taquillero
Tarda una hora y cuarenta minutos. Es un tren directo.It takes one hour and forty minutes. It's a direct train.
Pablo
Perfecto. ¿Puedo pagar con tarjeta?Perfect. Can I pay by card?
Taquillero
Sí, claro. Aquí tienen sus billetes. ¡Buen viaje!Yes, of course. Here are your tickets. Have a good trip!
Ana
¡Gracias! Pablo, tenemos que ir al andén. El tren sale en veinte minutos.Thanks! Pablo, we have to go to the platform. The train leaves in twenty minutes.
Pablo
Sí, y tengo que comprar agua antes. Quiero comprar algo para comer también.Yes, and I have to buy water first. I want to buy something to eat too.

🌍 Transportation Across the Spanish-Speaking World

Spain's AVE (Alta Velocidad Española) high-speed trains connect major cities at speeds up to 310 km/h - Madrid to Barcelona in just 2.5 hours! In Mexico, long-distance buses ("camiones" or "autobuses") are the main way to travel between cities, with luxury "primera clase" options offering reclining seats and movies. Colombia has improved its domestic flight network dramatically, making it easy to hop between Bogota, Medellin, and Cartagena. In Argentina, overnight buses ("micros") with "cama" (bed) seats are a beloved way to cross the vast distances between cities like Buenos Aires and Mendoza. Whatever the country, learning travel vocabulary opens up a world of adventure.