A1.2 · Week 9About 60 minutes · Audio throughout

What Happened? (Regular -AR Preterite: hablé, cociné)

¿Qué Pasó?

regular -AR preterite, hablé cociné estudié, Spanish past tense.

After this lesson, you'll be able to

  • Conjugate regular -AR verbs in the preterite
  • Describe what you did yesterday or last week
  • Tell stories using sequence words (primero, después, luego, finalmente)
  • Distinguish present from preterite in context
Stage 2
  1. Week 1: My Home
  2. Week 2: My City
  3. Week 3: Shopping
  4. Week 4: Weather & Seasons
  5. Week 5: Irregular Verbs
  6. Week 6: Reflexive Verbs
  7. Week 7: Weekend Plans
  8. Week 8: Talking About the Past
  9. Week 9: What Happened? (this lesson)
  10. Week 10: Travel Basics
  11. Week 11: On Holiday
  12. Week 12: Review & Assessment
Week 9 of 12

Grammar focus

Essential grammar for this lesson with examples.

Grammar point 1 of 7

Recap: irregular preterite

Last week you learned the preterite of ser/ir (fui, fuiste, fue...) and estar (estuve, estuviste, estuvo...). These are irregular - they don't follow a pattern. This week, we learn the REGULAR -AR preterite pattern, which works for hundreds of verbs.

Examples

Fui al cine ayer. (ir - irregular)I went to the cinema yesterday.
Estuve en casa. (estar - irregular)I was at home.
Hablé con mi madre. (-AR regular - NEW!)I spoke with my mother.
Tip

The good news about regular verbs: once you learn the pattern, it works for all of them. No more memorising individual conjugations!

Grammar point 2 of 7

Regular -AR preterite pattern

To form the preterite of regular -AR verbs, remove the -ar ending and add: -é, -aste, -ó, -amos, -asteis, -aron. Pay special attention to the accent marks on yo (-é) and él/ella (-ó) - they're essential!

hablar (to speak) - Preterite

The highlighted part is the ending.

PersonSingularPlural
(1st)(yo) hablé(nosotros) hablamos
(2nd)(tú) hablaste(vosotros) hablasteis
(3rd)(él/ella) habló(ellos/ellas) hablaron

Examples

Hablé con Pablo ayer.I spoke with Pablo yesterday.
¿Hablaste con tu madre?Did you speak with your mother?
Ana habló con el médico.Ana spoke with the doctor.
Hablamos por teléfono anoche.We spoke on the phone last night.
¿Hablasteis con el profesor?Did you all speak with the teacher?
Ellos hablaron en español.They spoke in Spanish.
Tip

The accent marks on hablé and habló are not optional! They shift the stress to the final syllable: ha-BLÉ, ha-BLÓ. Without them, "hablo" (HA-blo) means "I speak" (present). The accent changes both pronunciation and meaning. See our guide on Spanish stress and accents for the full rules.

Grammar point 3 of 7

Key -AR verbs in preterite

Now that you know the pattern, here are the most useful -AR verbs in the preterite. All of them follow the exact same pattern as hablar.

Examples

Compré pan en la panadería.comprar - to buyI bought bread at the bakery.
Cociné pasta para la cena.cocinar - to cookI cooked pasta for dinner.
Estudié dos horas anoche.estudiar - to studyI studied for two hours last night.
Trabajé hasta las seis.trabajar - to workI worked until six.
Caminé al trabajo esta mañana.caminar - to walkI walked to work this morning.
Desayuné a las ocho.desayunar - to have breakfastI had breakfast at eight.
Cené con mi familia.cenar - to have dinnerI had dinner with my family.
Escuché música en el metro.escuchar - to listenI listened to music on the metro.
Tip

Notice how all yo forms end in -é: compré, cociné, estudié, trabajé, caminé, desayuné, cené, escuché. This pattern is 100% consistent for regular -AR verbs.

Grammar point 4 of 7

Nosotros - same in present and preterite!

Here's something important: for -AR verbs, the nosotros form is identical in the present and preterite. "Hablamos" means both "we speak" and "we spoke." How do you tell the difference? Context and time expressions!

Examples

Hablamos español en clase.We speak Spanish in class. (present - habit)
Ayer hablamos por teléfono.Yesterday we spoke on the phone. (preterite)
Cocinamos juntos los domingos.We cook together on Sundays. (present - routine)
El sábado pasado cocinamos paella.Last Saturday we cooked paella. (preterite)
Tip

Time expressions are your best friend here. "Ayer hablamos" is clearly past. "Siempre hablamos" is clearly present. When in doubt, add a time expression!

Grammar point 5 of 7

Asking about the past

To ask someone what they did, you'll commonly use "¿Qué hiciste?" (What did you do?). "Hiciste" is the preterite of "hacer" - it's irregular, but learn it as a useful chunk. You can also use regular -AR question forms.

Examples

¿Qué hiciste ayer?What did you do yesterday?
¿Adónde fuiste?Where did you go?
¿Hablaste con María?Did you talk to María?
¿Cocinaste algo especial?Did you cook something special?
¿A qué hora cenaste?What time did you have dinner?
Tip

Learn "¿Qué hiciste?" as a chunk - it's the most common way to start a conversation about someone's day or weekend. You'll learn the full conjugation of hacer later.

Grammar point 6 of 7

Telling a story with sequence words

When you describe your day or tell a story, sequence words help organise events in order. They make your Spanish sound much more natural and connected.

Examples

Primero desayuné a las ocho.First I had breakfast at eight.
Después caminé al trabajo.Then I walked to work.
Luego hablé con mi jefe.Next I spoke with my boss.
Más tarde almorcé con un compañero.Later I had lunch with a colleague.
Por la tarde trabajé hasta las seis.In the afternoon I worked until six.
Finalmente cené en casa y descansé.Finally I had dinner at home and rested.
Tip

These sequence words usually go at the beginning of the sentence. They're like signposts that guide your listener through the story: first this, then that, finally this.

Grammar point 7 of 7

Negative past sentences

To say what you did NOT do, simply put "no" before the preterite verb. The structure is exactly the same as negating present tense sentences.

Examples

No cociné anoche.I didn't cook last night.
No trabajé el sábado.I didn't work on Saturday.
¿No estudiaste para el examen?Didn't you study for the exam?
No compramos nada en la tienda.We didn't buy anything at the shop.
Tip

Negative questions express surprise, just like in English: "¿No cenaste?" (You didn't have dinner?!) implies you expected them to eat.

Conversation

Conversation example

It's Monday morning. Ana and Pablo talk about their weekends.

  1. Ana¡Buenos días, Pablo! ¿Qué tal el fin de semana? ¿Qué hiciste?Good morning, Pablo! How was the weekend? What did you do?
  2. Pablo¡Fue genial! El sábado por la mañana limpié el apartamento y después fui al supermercado.It was great! Saturday morning I cleaned the flat and then went to the supermarket.
  3. Ana¿Y por la tarde?And in the afternoon?
  4. PabloPor la tarde cociné paella para mi hermana Carmen. Cenamos juntos y hablamos mucho.In the afternoon I cooked paella for my sister Carmen. We had dinner together and talked a lot.
  5. Ana¡Qué bien! ¿Y el domingo?How nice! And on Sunday?
  6. PabloEl domingo descansé. Desayuné tarde, caminé por el parque y por la tarde escuché música en casa.On Sunday I rested. I had a late breakfast, walked through the park, and in the afternoon I listened to music at home.
  7. Ana¡Un domingo perfecto! Yo también pasé un buen fin de semana.A perfect Sunday! I also had a good weekend.
  8. Pablo¿Qué hiciste?What did you do?
  9. AnaPrimero, el sábado por la mañana llamé a mi hermano Diego en Guadalajara. Hablamos casi una hora.First, Saturday morning I called my brother Diego in Guadalajara. We talked for almost an hour.
  10. Pablo¿Y después?And then?
  11. AnaDespués fui de compras y compré un regalo para mi hermana Sofía. Luego por la noche cené fuera con unas amigas.Then I went shopping and bought a gift for my sister Sofía. Then in the evening I ate out with some friends.
  12. Pablo¿Y el domingo?And Sunday?
  13. AnaEl domingo limpié la casa, lavé la ropa y finalmente descansé con un buen libro. ¡Necesitaba descansar!Sunday I cleaned the house, did the laundry, and finally rested with a good book. I needed to rest!

Want to learn more?

Vocabulary

Key words and phrases for this lesson.

Yesterday's activities

  • desayunarhave breakfast
  • almorzarhave lunchStem-changing in present (almuerzo), but no stem change in preterite (almorcé - z changes to c before é)
  • cenarhave dinner
  • cocinarcook
  • limpiarclean
  • comprarbuy
  • estudiarstudy
  • trabajarwork
  • caminarwalk
  • descansarrest

Last weekend

  • visitarvisit
  • pasearwalk / stroll
  • bailardance
  • cenar fueraeat out
  • cocinar algo especialcook something special
  • llamar a un amigocall a friend
  • lavar la ropado laundry
  • ordenar la casatidy the house

Past time markers

  • ayeryesterday
  • anteayerday before yesterday
  • ayer por la mañanayesterday morning
  • ayer por la tardeyesterday afternoon
  • anochelast night
  • el sábado pasadolast Saturday
  • el fin de semana pasadolast weekend
  • la semana pasadalast week

Sequence words

  • primerofirst
  • despuésthen / after
  • luegothen / next
  • más tardelater
  • finalmentefinally
  • al finalat the end

Shopping & errands (past)

  • compré comidaI bought food
  • pagué la cuentaI paid the billpagar changes g to gu before é: pagué
  • busqué un regaloI looked for a giftbuscar changes c to qu before é: busqué
  • llevé el coche al tallerI took the car to the shop
  • llamé al médicoI called the doctor
  • reservé una mesaI reserved a table

Practice

Test your understanding with these exercises.

Exercise 1 of 6 · Verb endings

Drag the correct ending to complete each verb form:

hablar (to speak)
  1. yohabl
  2. túhabl
  3. él/ellahabl
  4. nosotroshabl
  5. vosotroshabl
  6. ellos/ellashabl
Exercise 2 of 6 · Fill in the blanks

Complete each sentence with the correct preterite form of the -AR verb in brackets.

  1. Ayer yo con mi madre por teléfono. (hablar)
  2. ¿Tú algo en la tienda? (comprar)
  3. María una tortilla española. (cocinar)
  4. Nosotros hasta las diez de la noche. (estudiar)
  5. Ellos en el parque toda la mañana. (caminar)
Exercise 3 of 6 · Multiple choice

Choose the correct verb form - present or preterite - based on the context.

  1. 1. Todos los días _____ a las ocho. (desayunar - yo)

  2. 2. Ayer _____ pasta para la cena. (cocinar - yo)

  3. 3. El sábado pasado _____ con mi jefe. (hablar - yo)

  4. 4. Normalmente _____ al trabajo en metro. (viajar - yo)

Exercise 4 of 6 · Fill in the blanks

Complete this story about yesterday. Use the sequence words and the correct preterite form.

  1. desayuné a las siete de la mañana. (First)
  2. Después al trabajo en autobús. (viajar - yo)
  3. trabajé hasta las dos. (Then/Next)
  4. Más tarde con un compañero en un restaurante. (almorzar - yo)
  5. volví a casa y descansé. (Finally)
Exercise 5 of 6 · Multiple choice

Choose the correct preterite form for the subject indicated.

  1. 1. Ellos _____ en el restaurante nuevo anoche. (cenar)

  2. 2. Tú _____ la casa el sábado, ¿verdad? (limpiar)

  3. 3. Mi madre _____ un pastel de chocolate. (cocinar)

  4. 4. Yo _____ con mis padres el domingo. (hablar)

Exercise 6 of 6 · Reading

Read this diary entry and answer the questions.

Lectura

Sábado, 15 de marzo

¡Qué día tan ocupado! Primero desayuné cereales con leche a las nueve. Después limpié toda la casa - la cocina, el baño y mi habitación. Luego fui al supermercado y compré frutas, verduras y carne.

Por la tarde cociné una comida especial porque mi amiga Laura visitó mi casa. Preparé una ensalada y pollo con arroz. Cenamos juntas y hablamos mucho. Laura me contó sobre su viaje a Colombia.

Finalmente, después de la cena, lavé los platos y descansé un poco. No estudié nada - ¡necesitaba descansar! Fue un día muy bueno.

  1. 1. ¿Qué desayunó la autora?

  2. 2. ¿Qué compró en el supermercado?

  3. 3. ¿Quién visitó su casa por la tarde?

  4. 4. ¿Qué NO hizo la autora ese día?

Listening practice

ConversationBeginnerElenaCarlos

¡Qué desastre de mañana!

What a Disastrous Morning!

Tip: If you need help, review the questions first, use the slow speed option, and check the transcript.

0:00 / 0:00
ShowHide Transcript
  1. Carlos¡Hola, Elena! ¿Qué tal? Te ves muy cansada.Hi, Elena! How are you? You look very tired.
  2. Elena¡Ay, Carlos! Ayer por la mañana fue un desastre.Oh, Carlos! Yesterday morning was a disaster.
  3. Carlos¿Qué pasó?What happened?
  4. ElenaPrimero, me levanté muy tarde, ¡a las diez! Y no desayuné.First, I got up very late, at ten! And I didn't have breakfast.
  5. Carlos¡A las diez! ¿Y después?At ten! And then?
  6. ElenaDespués, no encontré mis llaves. Miré en la cocina, en el salón, en mi bolso... ¡nada!Then, I couldn't find my keys. I looked in the kitchen, in the living room, in my bag... nothing!
  7. Carlos¿Dónde las encontraste al final?Where did you find them in the end?
  8. Elena¡En el frigorífico! Las dejé allí con la leche.In the fridge! I left them there with the milk.
  9. Carlos¡Qué raro! ¿Y luego?How strange! And then?
  10. ElenaLuego caminé al supermercado. Pero olvidé mi cartera en casa.Then I walked to the supermarket. But I forgot my wallet at home.
  11. Carlos¡No! ¿Y qué pasó?No! And what happened?
  12. ElenaCaminé otra vez a casa. Al final, pasé toda la mañana caminando y no compré nada. ¡Qué desastre!I walked back home again. In the end, I spent the whole morning walking and didn't buy anything. What a disaster!

Comprehension questions

Answer all 5 questions based on the conversation.

  1. Question 1

    ¿A qué hora se levantó Elena?

    What time did Elena get up?

  2. Question 2

    ¿Desayunó Elena?

    Did Elena have breakfast?

  3. Question 3

    ¿Dónde encontró Elena sus llaves?

    Where did Elena find her keys?

  4. Question 4

    ¿Qué olvidó Elena en casa?

    What did Elena forget at home?

  5. Question 5

    ¿Compró Elena algo en el supermercado?

    Did Elena buy anything at the supermarket?

Before your next lesson

Review materials

Review lesson vocabulary

Test yourself on this week's vocabulary with interactive flashcards.

Practise this week

  • Conjugate 5 different -AR verbs in all 6 preterite forms
  • Describe your yesterday using at least 4 sequence words (primero, después, luego, finalmente)
  • Practise distinguishing present from preterite: hablo vs hablé, cocino vs cociné
  • Try writing negative past sentences: No cociné, No estudié, etc.

Homework

  • Write a diary entry for yesterday (8-10 sentences). Describe your day from morning to night using regular -AR preterite verbs.
  • Use at least 3 sequence words (primero, después, luego, finalmente)
  • Include at least 1 negative sentence (something you did NOT do)

Extra practice

Reinforce what you learned this week with these exercises from our site:

1 more practice link
Coming Up Next

Next week we'll explore travel vocabulary and learn to talk about trips and holidays. You'll learn tener que + infinitive and the key phrases for buying tickets and getting around!

Ready? Start Week 10 now →
Up next · A1.2 Week 10
Travel Basics
Start Week 10