🌱Personal Information

Información Personal

A1 · Stage 1 · Week 2~60 minutes

After this lesson, you'll be able to:

  • Ask and answer "How are you?"
  • Tell someone your age
  • Say where you're from (country and nationality)
  • Tell someone your profession
  • Say where you live
  • Use un/una (a/an) with nouns

Grammar Focus

Essential grammar for this lesson with examples.

Recap: What You Learned in Week 1

Last week you learned to introduce yourself with ser ("Soy Ana", "Soy de México"), use greetings like hola and buenas tardes, and count to 20. You also met the articles el and la (the). This week, you'll meet a second "to be" verb - estar - and start talking about yourself in more detail.

Examples:

Me llamo Pablo. Soy de España.My name is Pablo. I'm from Spain. (Week 1 - ser)
¿Cómo estás? Estoy bien.How are you? I'm fine. (This week - estar)
Tip: Don't worry about when to use ser vs estar yet - just notice that Spanish has two words for "to be". We'll cover the full rules in Week 5.

Asking "How are you?" - ¿Cómo estás?

To ask how someone is feeling, we use the verb "estar" (to be). Last week you learned "ser" - which also means "to be"! Yes, Spanish has two verbs for "to be".

For now, just remember: use "estar" for feelings and how you are right now. We'll fully explain the difference between ser and estar in Week 5. You'll also hear "¿Qué tal?" which is a casual way to say "How's it going?" - it doesn't use estar but means the same thing.

Examples:

¿Cómo estás?How are you? (informal)
¿Qué tal?How's it going? (casual)
Estoy bien, gracias.I'm fine, thanks.
¿Y ?And you?
Tip: Quick rule for now: "ser" = who/what you ARE (name, nationality, profession), "estar" = how you ARE (feelings, location, temporary states).
🌎
Regional Note: Spanish varies by region, like English does between the US, UK, and Australia. What you're learning works everywhere! In Mexico you might hear "¿Qué onda?" among friends, in Argentina "¿Cómo andás?" - we'll explore regional expressions in later lessons.

Expressing Feelings with "estar"

To describe how you're feeling, use "estar" + an adjective. The adjective changes based on whether you're male or female. This is called "gender agreement" - we'll cover it fully in Week 4.

Examples:

Estoy bien.I'm well/fine.
Estoy muy bien.I'm very well.
Estoy mal.I'm not well / I'm bad.
Estoy así así.I'm so-so.
Estoy cansado. / Estoy cansada.I'm tired. (male / female)
Tip: Words like "bien" and "mal" never change. But adjectives like "cansado" become "cansada" for females. When in doubt, "bien" is always safe!

Saying Your Age with "tener"

In Spanish, you don't "be" an age - you "have" years! This is one of the most important differences between Spanish and English. Use "tener" (to have) + number + "años" (years).

Examples:

¿Cuántos años tienes?How old are you? (lit: How many years do you have?)
Tengo veinte años.I'm 20 years old. (lit: I have 20 years)
Tengo veinticinco años.I'm 25 years old.
¿Cuántos años tiene ella?How old is she?
Tip: Never say "Soy veinte años" - this is a very common mistake! Always use "Tengo... años".

Where Are You From? - Ser + de

To say where you're from, use "ser" + "de" + place. You can also use "ser" + nationality (without "de"). Both are correct and commonly used.

Examples:

¿De dónde eres?Where are you from?
Soy de España.I'm from Spain.
Soy de México.I'm from Mexico.
Soy español. / Soy española.I'm Spanish. (male / female)
Soy mexicano. / Soy mexicana.I'm Mexican. (male / female)
Tip: Nationalities in Spanish are NOT capitalized: español, inglés, francés (unlike English: Spanish, English, French).

Saying Your Profession with "ser"

To say what your job is, use "ser" + profession - just like with nationalities. No article (a/an) is needed! In Spanish, you don't say "I am a teacher", just "I am teacher" (Soy profesor).

Examples:

¿A qué te dedicas?What do you do (for work)?
Soy estudiante.I'm a student.
Soy profesor. / Soy profesora.I'm a teacher. (male / female)
Soy médico. / Soy médica.I'm a doctor. (male / female)
¿Qué haces?What do you do? (informal)
Tip: Many professions change ending for gender: profesor/profesora, médico/médica. But some stay the same: estudiante, periodista. We'll cover this pattern in Week 4.

Indefinite Articles - un, una (a/an)

Last week you learned "el/la" (the). Now let's learn "un/una" (a/an). Just like "el/la", these must match the gender of the noun. Use "un" for masculine nouns, "una" for feminine nouns.

Examples:

un libroa book (masculine)
una mesaa table (feminine)
Tengo un hermano.I have a brother.
Tengo una hermana.I have a sister.
Es un problema.It's a problem.
Tip: With professions, Spanish usually drops the article: "Soy profesor" (I'm a teacher), not "Soy un profesor". But if you add an adjective, the article returns: "Soy un buen profesor" (I'm a good teacher).
Full guide to Spanish articles

Where Do You Live? - vivir

To say where you live, use the verb "vivir" (to live). Like with "ser" for origin, you use "vivir en" + place.

Examples:

¿Dónde vives?Where do you live?
Vivo en Londres.I live in London.
Vivo en España.I live in Spain.
¿Vives en el centro?Do you live in the center?
Tip: "Soy de" = where you're FROM (origin/nationality). "Vivo en" = where you live NOW. They can be different! "Soy de México pero vivo en Londres."

Numbers 21-100

Good news! Spanish numbers follow clear patterns. From 21-29, numbers are written as one word (veintiuno, veintidós...). From 31 onwards, they're written as three words (treinta y uno, treinta y dos...).

Examples:

veintiuno (21), veintidós (22), veintitrés (23), veinticuatro (24), veinticinco (25)Written as ONE word (veinti + number)
treinta (30), cuarenta (40), cincuenta (50), sesenta (60), setenta (70), ochenta (80), noventa (90)The tens - memorize these
treinta y uno (31), cuarenta y dos (42), cincuenta y tres (53)Pattern: [tens] + y + [ones] (three words)
cien (100)Just "cien" (not "ciento" when alone)
Tip: "Uno" becomes "un" before masculine nouns (treinta y un años = 31 years old), and "una" before feminine nouns.

Conversation Example

Ana and Pablo meet at a social event and introduce themselves.

Pablo
¡Buenas tardes! Me llamo Pablo. ¿Cómo te llamas?Good afternoon! My name is Pablo. What's your name?
Ana
Hola, Pablo. Soy Ana. Mucho gusto.Hi, Pablo. I'm Ana. Nice to meet you.
Pablo
El gusto es mío. ¿De dónde eres, Ana?The pleasure is mine. Where are you from, Ana?
Ana
Soy de Guadalajara, pero vivo en la Ciudad de México. ¿Y tú?I'm from Guadalajara, but I live in Mexico City. And you?
Pablo
Soy de Madrid. ¿A qué te dedicas?I'm from Madrid. What do you do for work?
Ana
Soy médica. Trabajo en un hospital. ¿Y tú, Pablo?I'm a doctor. I work in a hospital. And you, Pablo?
Pablo
Soy ingeniero. Tengo cuarenta y dos años. ¿Cuántos años tienes?I'm an engineer. I'm 42 years old. How old are you?
Ana
Tengo treinta y ocho años. ¿Cómo estás hoy?I'm 38 years old. How are you today?
Pablo
Estoy muy bien, gracias. Un poco cansado del trabajo.I'm very well, thanks. A bit tired from work.
Ana
Yo también estoy cansada, pero contenta de estar aquí.I'm also tired, but happy to be here.

🌍 Age and Personal Questions

In many Spanish-speaking cultures, asking about age, family, and personal life is common and not considered rude - it's a way of showing interest and building relationships. Don't be surprised if new acquaintances ask your age! However, like anywhere, context matters. In professional settings, people tend to be more reserved with personal questions.