🌱Greetings & Introductions

Saludos y Presentaciones

A1 · Stage 1 · Week 1~60 minutes

After this lesson, you'll be able to:

  • Greet people at different times of day
  • Introduce yourself by name
  • Ask someone's name
  • Say goodbye appropriately
  • Understand that Spanish nouns have gender (masculine/feminine)
  • Use el/la (the) with common nouns

Grammar Focus

Essential grammar for this lesson with examples.

The Spanish Alphabet & Pronunciation

Spanish uses the same alphabet as English, plus the letter ñ. The good news: Spanish pronunciation is very consistent - letters almost always sound the same way. Here are the key sounds that differ from English:

Examples:

a, e, i, o, u"ah", "eh", "ee", "oh", "oo" - vowels are pure and short
v (uve)Same as "b" - vino sounds like "bino"
j (jota)Like English "h" but stronger - Juan, trabajo
ñ (eñe)Like "ny" in canyon - España, mañana
z (zeta)"th" in Spain, "s" in Latin America - zapato, diez
ll (elle)"y" in most places, "sh" in Argentina - llamar, calle
rr (erre)Rolled/trilled "r" - perro, carro
Tip: Don't worry about perfect pronunciation yet. Focus on being understood - the accent will come with practice!

🔤 Interactive Alphabet - Click to Hear

0:00 / 0:00

Click any letter to jump to its pronunciation, or use the play button to hear the complete alphabet.

Full guide to the Spanish alphabet

Word Stress Rules

Spanish words have rules about which syllable to stress. Accent marks (á, é, í, ó, ú) tell you when the stress breaks the normal rule.

hablo, casa, comen
Words ending in vowel/n/s: stress second-to-last
hablar, español, ciudad
Words ending in consonant (not n/s): stress last syllable
ca, ma, sica
Accent mark overrides the rules
Tip: Accent marks also distinguish meanings: el (the) vs él (he), si (if) vs sí (yes), tu (your) vs tú (you).
Complete guide to Spanish stress & syllables

Introducing yourself with "ser"

To say who you are in Spanish, use the verb "ser" (to be). For now, you only need two forms. Don't worry about learning all the verb forms yet - we'll cover verbs properly from Week 8.

Examples:

Yo soy María.I am María.
eres Juan.You are Juan.
Soy estudiante.I'm a student.
Tip: In Spanish, "yo" (I) is often dropped because the verb ending tells us who's speaking. "Soy María" is more natural than "Yo soy María."

Asking names with "llamarse"

To ask and give names, Spanish uses "llamarse" (literally: to call oneself). This is a reflexive verb, but don't worry about what that means for now - just learn these phrases as set expressions. We'll explain reflexive verbs in detail in a later stage.

Examples:

¿Cómo te llamas?What's your name?
Me llamo Ana.My name is Ana.
¿Y tú?And you?
Tip: You can also say "Soy Ana" (I'm Ana) - both are correct and common.

Time of Day Greetings

Spanish greetings change based on the time of day. Unlike English, these are essential in everyday interactions - you'll use them constantly when entering shops, meeting people, or starting conversations.

Examples:

¡Hola!Hello! / Hi! - works any time, informal
Buenos díasGood morning - used until noon (12pm)
Buenas tardesGood afternoon - used noon to sunset (~7-8pm)
Buenas nochesGood evening / Good night - used after sunset
Tip: Notice: "Buenos días" is masculine (día = day), but "Buenas tardes/noches" are feminine (tarde = afternoon, noche = night). This is because of noun gender - which we'll explain next!

Definite Articles - el, la (the)

Every Spanish noun has a gender: masculine or feminine. This isn't about biology - even objects like "table" or "book" have a gender! The word for "the" changes to match: "el" for masculine nouns, "la" for feminine nouns.

Examples:

el librothe book (masculine)
la mesathe table (feminine)
el díathe day (masculine)
la nochethe night (feminine)
Tip: Quick pattern: Most nouns ending in -o are masculine (el libro), most ending in -a are feminine (la mesa). But there are exceptions! "El día" ends in -a but is masculine. We'll learn more patterns in Week 4.
Full guide to Spanish articles

Numbers 0-20

Numbers 0-15 need to be memorized individually. From 16-19, you'll notice a pattern: dieci + number (dieciséis = diez + seis). Learning these well now will make higher numbers much easier later!

Examples:

0-10: cero, uno, dos, tres, cuatro, cinco, seis, siete, ocho, nueve, diezMemorize these - they're the building blocks
11-15: once, doce, trece, catorce, quinceThese are unique - no pattern, just memorize
16-19: dieciséis, diecisiete, dieciocho, diecinuevePattern: dieci + number (written as one word)
veinte20 - another key number to memorize
Tip: "Uno" becomes "un" before masculine nouns: un libro (a book), un café (a coffee). We'll learn about "un/una" (a/an) next week!

Conversation Example

Two people meet at a coffee shop.

Ana
¡Hola! ¿Cómo te llamas?Hello! What's your name?
Pablo
Hola. Me llamo Pablo. ¿Y tú?Hi. My name is Pablo. And you?
Ana
Soy Ana. Mucho gusto.I'm Ana. Nice to meet you.
Pablo
Igualmente. ¿De dónde eres?Likewise. Where are you from?
Ana
Soy de México. ¿Y tú?I'm from Mexico. And you?
Pablo
Soy de España.I'm from Spain.

🌍 Greetings in the Spanish-Speaking World

Physical greetings vary by region. In Spain and Latin America, it's common to greet with a kiss on the cheek (one or two depending on the country) among friends and family. In professional settings, a handshake is standard. The greeting "buenos días/tardes/noches" is considered polite when entering shops, elevators, or meeting strangers.