🌱My City

Mi Ciudad

A1 · Stage 2 · Week 2~60 minutes

After this lesson, you'll be able to:

  • Use prepositions of place to describe locations
  • Give and understand simple directions
  • Name shops and public places
  • Use the contractions al and del correctly

Grammar Focus

Essential grammar for this lesson with examples.

Recap: hay + estar from Week 1

Last week you learned to describe your home using hay (there is/are) and estar (location of specific things). This week, we use those same tools for the city. Everything you learned about hay and estar works exactly the same way with shops, parks, and streets.

Examples:

Hay un parque cerca de mi casa.There is a park near my house. (hay - existence)
El parque está en la calle Mayor.The park is on Main Street. (estar - location)
¿Hay un banco cerca de aquí?Is there a bank near here? (hay - asking if it exists)
Tip: The same rule applies: hay + indefinite article (un banco), estar + definite article (el banco está...).

Prepositions of Place

Last week you met some prepositions for furniture in the home. Now here's the full set you need for describing a city or neighborhood. These prepositions tell you where places are in relation to each other.

Examples:

La farmacia está cerca de mi casa.The pharmacy is near my house.
El hospital está lejos de aquí.The hospital is far from here.
El banco está al lado del supermercado.The bank is next to the supermarket.
Hay una iglesia enfrente del parque.There is a church across from the park.
El cine está entre el museo y la biblioteca.The cinema is between the museum and the library.
Hay una panadería detrás de la plaza.There is a bakery behind the square.
El restaurante está delante de la estación.The restaurant is in front of the station.
Tip: Most prepositions end in "de" because they're literally phrases: "al lado de" = "at the side of", "cerca de" = "close to". The "de" connects the preposition to the place.

Contractions: al and del

In Spanish, when the prepositions a (to) or de (of/from) are followed by el (the, masculine singular), they must contract. This is not optional - it's a fixed rule of Spanish grammar. However, this ONLY happens with "el" - never with "la", "los", or "las".

Contraction Rules

ResultExample
a + elalVoy al parque.
de + eldelCerca del banco.
a + laa lano changeVoy a la tienda.
de + lade lano changeCerca de la plaza.

Examples:

Voy al supermercado.I'm going to the supermarket. (a + el = al)
Está cerca del banco.It's near the bank. (de + el = del)
Voy a la farmacia.I'm going to the pharmacy. (a + la = no contraction)
Está cerca de la iglesia.It's near the church. (de + la = no contraction)
Tip: Only two contractions exist in Spanish: al and del. That's it! No contractions with la, los, or las.

Asking for Directions

When you're lost or looking for a place, these question phrases are your survival toolkit. You'll use them every time you visit a Spanish-speaking city.

Examples:

¿Dónde está el banco?Where is the bank?
¿Hay un supermercado cerca de aquí?Is there a supermarket near here?
Perdona, ¿cómo llego al museo?Excuse me, how do I get to the museum?
Disculpe, ¿dónde está la estación?Excuse me, where is the station? (formal)
Tip: Use "perdona" (informal) with people your age and "disculpe" (formal) with strangers and older people. Both mean "excuse me".

Giving Simple Directions (Fixed Phrases)

For now, learn these direction phrases as fixed chunks. You don't need to understand the grammar behind the imperative (command) forms yet - just memorise these useful expressions for getting around.

Examples:

Sigue recto.Go straight.
Gira a la derecha.Turn right.
Gira a la izquierda.Turn left.
Está en la esquina.It's on the corner.
Cruza la calle.Cross the street.
Está a dos calles de aquí.It's two blocks from here.
Tip: These phrases use the informal imperative (tú form), which is what you'd hear in everyday conversation. We'll learn imperatives properly in a later stage.

¿Dónde está...? vs ¿Hay...?

Just like with furniture in the home, the distinction between hay and estar works the same in the city. Use hay to ask if something exists nearby, and dónde está to ask for the location of a specific place.

Examples:

¿Dónde está el banco?Where is the bank? (You know which bank - you want its location)
¿Hay un banco cerca de aquí?Is there a bank near here? (You don't know if one exists)
¿Dónde está la farmacia de la esquina?Where is the corner pharmacy?
¿Hay una farmacia en esta calle?Is there a pharmacy on this street?
Tip: If you're in a new city and need something, start with "¿Hay un/una... cerca?" If someone tells you there is one, then ask "¿Dónde está?"

Combining Location Descriptions

Now put it all together to describe where places are in relation to each other. This is how locals give directions and describe their neighborhood.

Examples:

La farmacia está al lado del banco.The pharmacy is next to the bank.
El parque está entre el museo y la biblioteca.The park is between the museum and the library.
Hay un restaurante enfrente de la iglesia.There's a restaurant across from the church.
El supermercado está cerca del colegio, a la derecha.The supermarket is near the school, on the right.
Tip: Try describing your own neighborhood using these patterns. Start with a landmark everyone knows and describe what's around it.

Conversation Example

Ana and Pablo are looking at apartments. Pablo helps Ana find the neighborhood.

Ana
El apartamento está en la calle Reforma. ¿Sabes dónde está?The apartment is on Reforma Street. Do you know where it is?
Pablo
Sí, está cerca del parque central. ¿Hay metro cerca?Yes, it's near the central park. Is there a metro nearby?
Ana
Sí, hay una estación de metro a tres calles.Yes, there's a metro station three blocks away.
Pablo
¡Perfecto! ¿Y hay supermercado en el barrio?Perfect! And is there a supermarket in the neighborhood?
Ana
Hay un supermercado al lado del banco, en la esquina.There's a supermarket next to the bank, on the corner.
Pablo
¿Cómo llego desde el metro?How do I get there from the metro?
Ana
Sales del metro, sigues recto por la avenida y giras a la derecha en la segunda calle.You exit the metro, go straight along the avenue and turn right on the second street.
Pablo
¿Y el apartamento está a la derecha o a la izquierda?And is the apartment on the right or the left?
Ana
Está a la izquierda, enfrente de una panadería.It's on the left, across from a bakery.
Pablo
¡Enfrente de una panadería! Vas a oler pan fresco cada mañana.Across from a bakery! You're going to smell fresh bread every morning.

🌍 La Plaza Mayor

Across the Spanish-speaking world, the central square - known as la Plaza Mayor, el Zócalo (Mexico), or la Plaza de Armas (much of South America) - serves as the heart of community life. These squares are typically surrounded by important buildings: the town hall, a cathedral, shops, and cafes. People gather there to socialise, enjoy street performers, attend festivals, and simply watch the world go by. In the evenings, families stroll around the plaza in a tradition known as "el paseo". Madrid's Plaza Mayor dates back to the 17th century, while Mexico City's Zócalo is one of the largest public squares in the world. Even small towns have their own plaza - it's where the community comes together.